Oct. 4, 2005
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THE MATCH-UP: Lafayette returns home after a trip to Georgetown for the first of a stretch of four straight games at Fisher Field. The first two games, against Columbia and Harvard, complete the Leopards' three-game set against the Ivy League. Columbia opened league play a week ago with a 43-3 loss to Princeton, the only team that has defeated Lafayette this season.
THIS 'D' IS DEVASTATING: The Leopards have held 11 of their last 12 opponents under 23 points, including six under 14 points, with the exception being the I-AA playoff game at Delaware which included a fumble return for a touchdown. This season's edition of the defense leads the Patriot League in scoring average (12.2 ppg.), fewest yards against (267.2 ypg.), and defensive passing efficiency (83.23 rating). The Leopards' defensive passing efficiency rating is fourth nationally, and the scoring defense ranks sixth in the country. Lafayette allowed 19.1 points per game a year ago, and gave up just 15.2 points in league games. The defense has surrendered just 17 points combined through two league games this year.
THE SERIES: Lafayette has played Columbia in each of the first five seasons that Frank Tavani has been head coach, and will meet again today for the 38th time in series history. The Leopards own a 24-11-2 advantage, including wins in each of the last four outings. Lafayette has never lost to the Lions in 13 games in Easton, recording 12 wins and one tie.
THE HEAD COACHES: Frank Tavani (Lebanon Valley '75) is in his sixth season at the helm of the Lafayette football program. He is the 27th head coach in the program's 124-year history. Tavani enters this weekend's contest with a career record of 28-33, and is 24-16 since 2002.
Bob Shoop (Yale '88) is in his third season as a collegiate head coach. Shoop led Columbia to a 4-6 record in 2003 before falling to 1-9 a year ago, with four of those losses coming by a touchdown or less. He holds a career record of 7-16.
BENNETT ON "BUCHANAN BATTLE" LIST: Senior linebacker Maurice Bennett has earned a number of preseason accolades, including placement on the watch list for the prestigious Buck Buchanan Award, which goes to the top defensive player in I-AA football. A total of 16 players were named to the first list, released Aug. 24. Bennett joins Bucknell defensive end Sean Conover on the list. Both players gathered first-team All-Patriot League accolades in 2004 and second-team preseason All-American recognition from the Sports Network as well.
BUCHANAN BATTLE UPDATE: Senior linebacker Maurice Bennett has totaled 40 tackles in the last three games. He was credited with 13 stops against both Princeton and Fordham, and made 14 tackles in last week's 12-7 win at Georgetown as the Hoyas ran just 40 plays (35 rushes, five completed passes) that made a tackle necessary. Bennett has 58 tackles (15 solo, 43 assists) to go with 1.5 sacks and a forced fumble so far in 2005. He has 328 tackles, 23.5 TFL, 9.5 sacks and five forced fumbles in his career, and has started 29 of the 39 games in which he has played at Lafayette. Bennett has 21 career games with at least 10 stops, and the second-most total tackles in 2005 among the 16 players currently on the Buchanan watch list.
THE LEOPARDS' LINEBACKERS: Seniors Maurice Bennett, Blake Costanzo and Dion Witherspoon, Lafayette's top three tacklers, complement each other well with their skill sets on the field. Bennett, the middle linebacker, leads Lafayette with 58 tackles this season and is both an All-American and Buchanan Award candidate. Witherspoon is second with 45 stops and is first in the Patriot League with 9.0 tackles behind the line of scrimmage, including two sacks. Costanzo has filled the stat sheet, with 34 tackles, 3.0 TFL, 2.5 sacks, two interceptions and a fumble recovery. Bennett was a first-team All-Patriot League selection and Costanzo was named to the second team a year ago. The trio recorded 265 total tackles a year ago despite Witherspoon making just five starts, as he was playing behind two-year co-captain Wes Erbe.
NONE IF BY AIR: Lafayette's defensive secondary, perhaps overshadowed by the front seven coming into the season, has been simply stifling in 2005, earning national rankings in defensive passing efficiency and passing yardage. The Leopards rank fourth with an opponents' passing rating of 83.23, and sixth in yardage, allowing 128.8 yards through the air. The last two contests, both Patriot League tilts, have vaulted Lafayette into national prominence. Fordham managed to complete 11-of-31 passes for 111 yards with two interceptions, while Georgetown was 5-for-15 for 44 yards last week. Senior Larry Johnson is a three-year starter at one corner, and classmate Tye Murphy is in his second season starting at the other corner. Junior safety Torian Johnson has started 22 career games, while Trey Martell has eight career starts and shares time with Bryan Kazimierowski, who has battled a hamstring injury for most of the last 12 months. Taj Murphy has spent his senior season as the primary nickel back.
GET THAT MAN A FIG NEWTON: Head coach Frank Tavani received some good advice on halftime nutrition last season, and began a regimen that included bananas, pears and fig newtons as the Leopards earned a reputation as a second half team, outscoring opponents 180-102. After giving up just 33 points after halftime in league play on its way to the Patriot League championship a year ago, Lafayette has surrendered three points in the second half (a field goal by Princeton) in the last four games. The Leopards own a 51-17 advantage on the scoreboard in the final 30 minutes this season.
TWO AND OH!: Lafayette's 12-7 win at Georgetown last Saturday gave the Leopards sole possession of first place in the Patriot League at 2-0. This is the sixth time in the 20 years of the Patriot League (the league was founded as the Colonial League in 1986, and changed its name to the Patriot League in 1990) that the Leopards won their first two league clashes, and they have a solid track record when getting off to a positive start. Of the previous five 2-0 starts, Lafayette went on to claim the championship four times: 1988 (5-0), 1992 (5-0), 1994 (5-0) and 2004 (5-1). The 1993 team also started 2-0 and finished 3-1-1.
A CAREER OUTING: Junior quarterback Brad Maurer set career-highs with 222 yards and 32 attempts while completing 18 passes in Lafayette's 27-10 win over Fordham. His previous bests in both categories came in the Leopards' 2004 NCAA Division I-AA playoff game at Delaware, where he was 19-for-27 for 211 yards. He had another 18 completions on 25 attempts for 194 yards in last week's 12-7 win over Georgetown. Maurer holds Lafayette's single-season record for completion percentage (67.0 in 2004), and is 69-of-112 (61.6 percent) for 732 yards, four touchdowns and two interceptions this year. Maurer went over 2,000 career passing yards at Georgetown and is 457 yards out of 10th place on Lafayette's all-time passing chart.
PROTECTING THE FOOTBALL: Junior Brad Maurer has thrown just four interceptions in his last 237 attempts dating to Lafayette's fifth game of the season, vs. Harvard, in 2004. Maurer had attempted 93 passes without an interception (and had thrown two picks in his last 178 attempts) before having his final two passes picked off against Princeton, but has rebounded to complete 36-of-57 passes for 416 yards and no interceptions in the last two games. Maurer's ability to run with the football has helped him avoid turnovers, as he had a career-high 23 carries for 46 yards last week at Georgetown. He rolled up 643 yards on the ground a year ago.
DOUBLE THREAT: Senior Brandon Stanford is Lafayette's leading receiver, with 24 catches for 219 yards and three touchdowns, and also ranks 20th in the nation with an average of 13.3 yards per punt return in 2005. Stanford has 21 returns for 279 yards through five games this season, which moves him into fourth place on Lafayette's single-season punt return yardage list. He has also had a long return called back by penalty in each of the last two games. Stanford led the Leopards with 33 catches for 299 yards with one touchdown last year, and also scored twice on end-arounds.
NCAA DIVISION I-AA LEADERS: The Leopards among the top-50 NCAA Division I-AA leaders in 2005:
Individual
Kickoff Returns - Larry Johnson, 18th (26.89 ypr)
Punt Returns - Brandon Stanford, 20th (13.29 ypr)
Passing Efficiency - Brad Maurer, 49th (124.72 rating)
Field Goals - Rick Ziska, 49th (0.80 per game)
Team
Pass Efficiency Defense - 4th (83.23 rating)
Scoring Defense - 6th (12.20 ppg)
Pass Defense - 6th (128.80 ypg)
Total Defense - 11th (267.20 ypg)
Punt Returns - 25th (13.29 ypr)
Kickoff Returns - 34th (21.67 ypr)
Passing Efficiency - 38th (131.69 rating)
Net Punting - 40th (33.63 yards)
Rushing Defense - 45th (138.40 ypg)
THAT'S GOTTA HURT: Junior tailback Jonathan Hurt had three rushing touchdowns on 12 carries and finished with 58 yards on the ground in the Leopards' 27-10 win over Fordham. Hurt also had three scores against Marist and went for 97 yards on 13 carries. The fifth-leading rusher in the Patriot League through the first five games, Hurt is averaging 65.8 yards per game (67 rushes for 329 yards) and has six touchdowns.
THE THREE-HEADED TAILBACK: While junior Jonathan Hurt has established himself as the starter at tailback, each of the top three backs have received significant playing time this season. Hurt, senior Alfred Belton and sophomore Anthony D'Urso combined to run 28 times for 119 yards in last week's win at Georgetown, and helped the Leopards roll up 263 rushing yards against Marist. Hurt ran 11 times for 46 yards in the first half against Princeton before leaving with a knee injury, so Belton (9 rushes for 32 yards and a touchdown) and D'Urso (4 rushes, 19 yards) carried most of the load in the second half as Lafayette twice pulled within one score of the Tigers. D'Urso carried the ball six times, earning 35 yards and a pair of first downs, as Lafayette ran out the clock against Fordham.
THAT'S ONE FAST FRESHMAN: Wide receiver Shaun Adair didn't crack the two-deep until week four against Fordham, but is Lafayette's second-leading receiver in terms of yardage. His six catches have gone for a total of 183 yards. Each of his six catches have gone for at least 10 yards and a first down. His signature play was a 65-yard touchdown catch against Fordham, and he also had an 18-yard reception against the Rams to earn Patriot League Rookie of the Week honors. Adair was a high school teammate of freshman linebacker Brian Reddy and junior offensive lineman Mike Saint Germain at Morristown (NJ) and won Morris County championships in the long jump, triple jump and 110m hurdles while anchoring the winning 4x400m relay team. Adair also won the long jump at the New Jersey Meet of Champions with a leap of 23-9 which ranked 38th in the country and would have won the Patriot League outdoor championship a year ago, while the distance of 45-1 1/4 in the triple jump would have placed third behind gold medal winner Jeff Sejour (48-4), who is a defensive back for the Leopards.
LET'S CATCH TWO: Senior wide receiver Brandon Stanford's nine-yard touchdown catch on the first drive of the second half vs. Princeton was his second score of the season through the air. Tight end Chad Walker later hauled in a 23-yard touchdown reception in the fourth quarter, and also had a four-yard TD catch at Marist. Nine different Leopards caught exactly one touchdown pass a year ago.
PLAYING CENTER FIELD: Junior defensive back Torian Johnson has two interceptions this season, and all four of his career interceptions have been returned for at least 16 yards. In the opener at Marist, Johnson picked off a pass late in the third quarter returned the ball 36 yards, and he had a 16-yard return after an interception at a similar point in the game against Princeton. Last season at Richmond, Johnson had a 46-yard interception return on the first play of the fourth quarter that led to a 22-yard go-ahead touchdown run by Jonathan Hurt. He also had a 20-yard return against Columbia.
SEASON DEDICATION: The Lafayette football program has dedicated the 2005 season in memory of Tom Norton '59, a member of the faculty in the sociology department for 37 years and a long-time supporter of Leopard football. Norton passed away on June 24, 2005 at the age of 68. Head coach Frank Tavani is dedicating the season in Norton's memory to thank him for his love and unwavering support of Lafayette football, and to promote the scholarship fund that has been established in his honor.
STAYING HOME FOR THE WEEKEND: Last weekend's game at Georgetown was Lafayette's only road trip between the season opener at Marist on Sept. 3 and the week 10 match-up at Holy Cross on Nov. 12. In the interim, Fisher Field will host seven games over nine weeks (one away game and a bye week), something that has happened just twice in the college's 124-year history of football -- Lafayette was home for seven of the first eight games in 1904, and eight of its nine contests in 1910.
RIGHTING THE SHIP: After back-to-back two-win seasons in 2000 and 2001, Lafayette has won 20 games over the past three years, the most for the program over a three-year span since 1981-83. Lafayette is 12-8 in Patriot League play in that time, putting together its best league run since a 10-5 record from 1994-96.
THE FRIENDLY CONFINES OF FISHER FIELD: Lafayette will make seven appearances at Fisher Field in 2005, the second time in three years and just the third time since 1915 that the Leopards have played seven home games. Lafayette has played its home games at Fisher Field since 1926 and has played host to 384 games. Lafayette has recorded 12 undefeated home seasons at Fisher Field and has a 230-141-13 (.615) overall record.
POLL POSITION: Lafayette checked in with the top spot among others receiving votes in the initial poll from The Sports Network, released Aug. 8. The Leopards garnered 268 points, just 25 behind Grambling State, which held the 25th spot in the poll. Lafayette slipped to 29th two weeks into the season, and fell to 45th following the loss to Princeton. The Leopards received 59 points in this week's poll and reside at No. 35. Matt Dougherty, Executive Director of I-AA Football for The Sports Network, listed Lafayette 25th in his preseason rankings in early July. Street and Smith's 2005 College Football Yearbook has the Leopards at No. 18 in the country.
THE 2004 LEOPARDS IN THE NATIONAL POLLS: Lafayette's Patriot League championship season in 2004 vaulted the Leopards into the top 25 in the final two polls of the year after spending nearly two months in the Others Receiving Votes section. The Leopards were annointed with the No. 24 ranking by ESPN/USA Today and No. 25 by The Sports Network following their 24-10 victory over Lehigh on Nov. 20 that sent Lafayette to the postseason for the first time in school history. Despite the 28-14 loss to Delaware in the first round of the NCAA Division I-AA playoffs, both publications ranked Lafayette 19th in their final poll.
MURPHY'S LAW: Twin brothers Taj and Tye Murphy, from Columbia, Md., are both playing integral roles in the Lafayette secondary as seniors. Tye started all 12 games at cornerback last season, finishing with 44 tackles, five pass breakups and an interception. Taj is listed at strong safety on this week's two-deep and is the Leopards' primary nickel back. He started the final three games of the 2003 season at strong safety.
LJ AT DB/KR: Senior Larry Johnson, named Lafayette's most outstanding defensive back last year after starting every game at corner for the second straight season, also handles kick return duties for the Leopards. Johnson holds school records in both kick return yardage (625 in 2004) and average per return (27.5 in 2003). All told, the Waldorf, Md. native has 1,909 career kick return yards for an average of 23.9 yards per touch. He also has 181 tackles, three interceptions and 19 pass breakups. He leads the team with 23 solo tackles this season.
DAVIS DOES IT ALL: Senior quarterback Pat Davis, who played in each of the first five games last season and led the Leopards on their game-winning drive in a 21-16 upset victory at Richmond, also doubles as the long-snapper on both special teams units. The Leopards haven't had a punt blocked in his three years as the specialist. Davis has played quarterback in two games this season, tossing a touchdown in the season opener and Marist, and coming on in relief of Brad Maurer against Princeton. Lafayette trailed 20-0 at the half, but Davis was 6-for-10 for 103 yards and a pair of touchdowns, and ran four times for 40 yards, to nearly bring his team all the way back before falling 23-21. Davis leads the Patriot League in quarterback efficiency at 172.82 (10-of-19, 154 yards, three touchdowns).
FROM WAY DOWNTOWN: Junior kicker Rick Ziska is 4-for-9 on field goals this season, with seven of his attempts coming from beyond 40 yards. Ziska has connected on three of those attempts, with a pair of 42-yard kicks at Marist, and a 45-yard field goal at Georgetown. His career long of 48 yards came at Georgetown's Harbin Field a year ago, and he was 3-of-4 from beyond 40 last season. Ziska also made 37-of-38 extra points in 2004, but is just 11-of-14 on point afters this year. He assumed some of the punting duties in week two against Richmond and has dropped six of his 14 punts inside the 20-yard line.
THE CAPTAINS: Senior linebacker Maurice Bennett and senior fullback David Nelson were elected co-captains by their teammates during spring practice. Bennett (Philadelphia, Pa./George Washington) has made 227 tackles in the last two years, and is in his third season as the starting middle linebacker. Nelson (Dover, Mass./Xaverian Brothers) played in 11 games, starting twice, as a junior and totaled 170 all-purpose yards and a touchdown.
BACK IN BLACK: Head coach Frank Tavani broke out the black jerseys for the second straight Patriot League game, and Lafayette improved to 2-0 when wearing its black shirts with a 27-10 win over Fordham. The Leopards first came out in black for the Lehigh game last year, and Lafayette claimed the Patriot League championship by virtue of its 24-10 victory over the Mountain Hawks.
BUSHELS OF POINTS: Lafayette scored on consecutive plays in back-to-back weeks, against Princeton and Fordham. The Leopards put the ball in the end zone on the final two plays against Princeton, on a three-yard run by Alfred Belton and a 23-yard pass from Pat Davis to Chad Walker. The second score was set up by a 72-yard kick return by Larry Johnson. Against Fordham, Lafayette scored on three straight offensive plays within a span of 3:15 early in the second quarter. Jonathan Hurt had a 22-yard touchdown run, Brad Maurer hit Shaun Adair for a 65-yard score, and Blake Costanzo's interception gave the offense the ball at the Fordham seven-yard line. Hurt scored on the next play to give the Leopards a 20-10 advantage.
PATRIOT PRESEASON POLL: the Patriot League's head coaches and sports information directors slotted Lafayette second, just behind Lehigh, in the preseason poll released at the league's media day on Aug. 2. The Leopards received three first place votes and 61 total points, while the Mountain Hawks garnered top billing on eight ballots and had 68 points. Colgate, Fordham and Bucknell were grouped closely in the third through fifth spots, with Holy Cross outpointing Georgetown for sixth.
ALL-PL PLAYERS: Lafayette placed seven players on the 2004 All-Patriot League team, and three return for the 2005 season. Linebackers Maurice Bennett (first team) and Blake Costanzo (second team) represented the Leopards on the defensive side of the ball, while offensive lineman Drew Buettner was a second-team selection. Buettner is back for a fifth year after receiving a medical redshirt for his sophomore season, which he missed with a knee injury.
PRESEASON HONORS FROM I-AA.org: A league-leading nine Leopards earned preseason recognition on I-AA.org's All-Patriot League team, including six of the 11 returning defensive players with starting experience. Senior linebackers Maurice Bennett and Blake Costanzo, along with junior defensive lineman Marvin Snipes, were named to the first team. Linemen Andrew Brown and Daniel Liseno are joined by defensive back Torian Johnson on the second team. Offensive lineman Drew Buettner is the only representative on the first-team offense, while quarterback Brad Maurer and wide receiver Archie Fisher are on the second team.
HAVEN'T WE MET BEFORE?: The 2005 Lafayette football schedule features the same 11 regular-season opponents that the Leopards played on the way to last year's Patriot League championship. This is the fifth time in 124 years of football that Lafayette hasn't had any changes to the schedule in consecutive years, and head coach Frank Tavani hopes this year's repeat is met with better results. In 1959-61, the Leopards went 5-4 in consecutive years before falling to 2-6-1 in the last of the three seasons. In 1977-78, Lafayette went 5-6 and 4-7, respectively, while the 1986-87 editions of the Leopards were 6-5 and 4-7 against identical opponents. . . IN 2005: Through five games on the 2005 schedule, Lafayette has repeated its 2004 wins over Marist, Richmond, Fordham and Georgetown, while falling to Princeton for the second straight year. The Leopards were 8-3 in the regular season a year ago, with the other losses coming to Harvard and Colgate.
ACADEMIC ALL-DISTRICT SELECTIONS: Lafayette has remained a mainstay on the CoSIDA Academic All-District Team, with the school being represented by 20 student-athletes during Frank Tavani's first five seasons as head coach. In 2004, quarterback Brad Maurer and offensive lineman Stephen Bono earned spots on the Academic All-District II squad. Maurer, who started all 12 games under center as a sophomore, is a neuroscience major. Bono was named to the first team for the third straight season. The 2004 Patriot League Football Scholar Athlete of the Year, Bono was a recipient of the NCAA Postgraduate Scholarship and is pursuing a Master of Science degree in Structural Engineering at Stanford University in Palo Alto, Calif. On the gridiron, he was an All-Patriot Legue First Team selection.
REPLACING McCOURT: Joe McCourt, the 2004 Patriot League Offensive Player of the Year, left the Leopards as the school's second all-time leading rusher and with a legacy as one of the most dependable backs in Lafayette and Patriot League history. McCourt, who was a three-time 1,000-yard rusher, finished his career wtih 4,474 yard and 50 touchdowns on the ground. He is the all-time leading scorer in both Lafayette and Patriot League history with 326 points, and is also the fourth-leading receiver with 139 catches for 1,135 yards.
COACH 'EM UP: Head coach Frank Tavani, the former running backs coach at Lafayette, has seen nine 1,000-yard seasons in his 18 years on the coaching staff. An All-American tailback himself at Lebanon Valley College, Tavani has mentored Erik Marsh, Joe McCourt, Leonard Moore and Tom Costello to 1,000-yard rushing seasons. The quartet has an exclusive hold on the top four spots in the school record book for career rushing yards.
SEVEN IS ENOUGH: Lafayette's 7-0 win over Richmond on Sept. 10 was the Leopards' first win by that margin since 1968, when they won two games by a 7-0 score. Lafayette defeated Hofstra on Oct. 5, and then shut out Kings Point on Nov. 9. The 1967 season finale at Lehigh was a 6-0 victory for Lafayette.
AND WE GO TO...OVERTIME: Lafayette has played five overtime games and is 1-4 in those contests. After winning the first overtime affair in 1995 over Fordham (24-21 on 11/11/95), the Leopards have lost their last four OT games (11/18/95 at Lehigh - 37-30; 10/18/97 at Cornell - 41-34; 10/3/98 at Dartmouth - 13-10; 9/8/01 at Towson - 16-13).
LAFAYETTE LEADS NATION IN TELEVISED GAMES IN I-AA: The 2005 Lafayette College football season will see a Patriot League-best 11 contests hit the television air waves via the Lafayette Sports Network. This is the third straight year that the entire season will be televised and the ninth year that LSN has been in existence. The Lafayette Sports Network, recently named one of the best university-run sports networks in the country by Broadcast & Cable Magazine, has annually produced the most expansive and highest quality television package in the Patriot League. LSN telecasts can be seen by more than 9.8 million viewers in the Lehigh Valley, all of Philadelphia, and the Pocono region. LSN telecasts can also be viewed in central New Jersey, New York City and Boston via the RCN cable systems. In the Lehigh Valley, Philadelphia and Pocono areas, the telecasts air on RCN-4 and WBPH-TV 60. Nationally, the telecasts will be picked up for the sixth straight year by various DIRECTV outlets, available to more than 60 million viewers. CSTV (DIRECTV Channel 610, DISH Network Channel 152) will continue as a major LSN partner, airing select telecasts to a national audience of more than 65 million households. CSTV carried the Lafayette-Princeton game live on Sept. 17, while the 141st meeting between Lafayette and Lehigh will be broadcast to a national audience on Sunday, Nov. 20 at 9 a.m. The Lafayette Sports Network has announced a partnership with Fox Sports Net Pittsburgh (DIRECTV Channel 628, DISH Network Channel 128), which will replay the LSN telecast of each weekend's game on Mondays at noon. The Nov. 12 match-up at Holy Cross will be aired live at 12:30 p.m. from Worcester, Mass.
Emmy-nominated local sports broadcaster Gary Laubach will handle all of the Leopards' play-by-play duties for the ninth straight season. John Leone, Lafayette's Associate Director of Major Gifts, has provided color analysis for all but the first year on the air. In his fifth year as a member of the announcing crew is RCN's Dan Mowdy, who will handle analysis on the Leopards from the sidelines.
A HISTORY OF CHAMPIONSHIPS: The Lafayette football program has claimed three national championships -- 1896, 1921 and 1926 -- and recorded five undefeated seasons -- 1896 (11-0-1), 1921 (9-0-0), 1926 (9-0-0), 1937(8-0-0) and 1940 (9-0-0). Of recent note, the Leopards have won four Patriot League championships - 1988, 1992, 1994 and 2004 - and made their first postseason appearance last season in the NCAA Division I-AA Playoffs.
LAFAYETTE'S FOOTBALL INVENTORS: Two primary elements of the game of football -- the helmet and the huddle -- were invented by former members of the Lafayette football program. George "Rose" Barclay from the class of 1898, one of Lafayette's all-time great running backs, invented the helmet when the "threat of cultivating cauliflower ears" led him to piece three thick leather straps around his head for the 1896 game against Penn. Former Lafayette coach Herb McCracken (1924-35; 59-40-6) devised the first huddle system during the 1924 season after learning the Pennsylvania football team had stolen Lafayette's signals. Lafayette became the first team to huddle before each play and this system was immediately adopted by other teams.
